From ee3fbc68314865384d2a7d78a22221b5987979a4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: MihailRis <mexaruc@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2025 20:15:25 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 1/8] fix: incorrect canvas Y direction

---
 src/graphics/ui/elements/Canvas.cpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/graphics/ui/elements/Canvas.cpp b/src/graphics/ui/elements/Canvas.cpp
index dd69ce22..be3fc145 100644
--- a/src/graphics/ui/elements/Canvas.cpp
+++ b/src/graphics/ui/elements/Canvas.cpp
@@ -16,5 +16,5 @@ void gui::Canvas::draw(const DrawContext& pctx, const Assets& assets) {
 
     auto batch = pctx.getBatch2D();
     batch->texture(mTexture.get());
-    batch->rect(pos.x, pos.y, size.x, size.y, 0, 0, 0, {}, false, true, col);
+    batch->rect(pos.x, pos.y, size.x, size.y, 0, 0, 0, {}, false, false, col);
 }

From dca4f283ccb08fa4c4e0b3fb47c3a5b703b1d319 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: MihailRis <mexaruc@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2025 20:15:59 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 2/8] add canvas:clear(...), canvas:line(...)

---
 .../lua/usertypes/lua_type_canvas.cpp         | 147 +++++++++++++++---
 1 file changed, 129 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/logic/scripting/lua/usertypes/lua_type_canvas.cpp b/src/logic/scripting/lua/usertypes/lua_type_canvas.cpp
index acba361d..ad79f0ca 100644
--- a/src/logic/scripting/lua/usertypes/lua_type_canvas.cpp
+++ b/src/logic/scripting/lua/usertypes/lua_type_canvas.cpp
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ union RGBA {
     struct {
         uint8_t r, g, b, a;
     };
+    uint8_t arr[4];
     uint32_t rgba;
 };
 
@@ -49,32 +50,140 @@ static int l_at(State* L) {
     return 0;
 }
 
+static RGBA get_rgba(State* L, int first) {
+    RGBA rgba {};
+    rgba.a = 255;
+    switch (gettop(L) - first) {
+        case 0:
+            rgba.rgba = static_cast<uint>(tointeger(L, first));
+            break;
+        case 3:
+            rgba.a = static_cast<ubyte>(tointeger(L, first + 3));
+            [[fallthrough]];
+        case 2:
+            rgba.r = static_cast<ubyte>(tointeger(L, first));
+            rgba.g = static_cast<ubyte>(tointeger(L, first + 1));
+            rgba.b = static_cast<ubyte>(tointeger(L, first + 2));
+            break;
+    }
+    return rgba;
+}
+
 static int l_set(State* L) {
     auto x = static_cast<uint>(tointeger(L, 2));
     auto y = static_cast<uint>(tointeger(L, 3));
 
     if (auto pixel = get_at(L, x, y)) {
-        switch (gettop(L)) {
-            case 4:
-                pixel->rgba = static_cast<uint>(tointeger(L, 4));
-                return 1;
-            case 6:
-                pixel->r = static_cast<ubyte>(tointeger(L, 4));
-                pixel->g = static_cast<ubyte>(tointeger(L, 5));
-                pixel->b = static_cast<ubyte>(tointeger(L, 6));
-                pixel->a = 255;
-                return 1;
-            case 7:
-                pixel->r = static_cast<ubyte>(tointeger(L, 4));
-                pixel->g = static_cast<ubyte>(tointeger(L, 5));
-                pixel->b = static_cast<ubyte>(tointeger(L, 6));
-                pixel->a = static_cast<ubyte>(tointeger(L, 7));
-                return 1;
-            default:
-                return 0;
+        *pixel = get_rgba(L, 4);
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int l_clear(State* L) {
+    RGBA rgba {};
+    if (gettop(L) > 1) {
+        rgba = get_rgba(L, 2);
+    }
+    if (auto canvas = touserdata<LuaCanvas>(L, 1)) {
+        auto& image = canvas->data();
+        ubyte* data = image.getData();
+        size_t pixels = image.getWidth() * image.getHeight();
+        const size_t channels = 4;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < pixels * channels; i++) {
+            data[i] = rgba.arr[i % channels];
         }
     }
+    return 0;
+}
 
+bool clip_line(int& x1, int& y1, int& x2, int& y2, int width, int height) {
+    const int left = 0;
+    const int right = width;
+    const int bottom = 0;
+    const int top = height;
+
+    int dx = x2 - x1;
+    int dy = y2 - y1;
+
+    float t0 = 0.0f;
+    float t1 = 1.0f;
+
+    auto clip = [](int p, int q, float& t0, float& t1) {
+        if (p == 0) {
+            return q >= 0;
+        }
+        float t = static_cast<float>(q) / p;
+        if (p < 0) {
+            if (t > t1) return false;
+            if (t > t0) t0 = t;
+        } else {
+            if (t < t0) return false;
+            if (t < t1) t1 = t;
+        }
+        return true;
+    };
+
+    if (!clip(-dx, x1 - left, t0, t1)) return false;
+    if (!clip( dx, right - x1, t0, t1)) return false;
+    if (!clip(-dy, y1 - bottom, t0, t1)) return false;
+    if (!clip( dy, top - y1, t0, t1)) return false;
+
+    if (t1 < 1.0f) {
+        x2 = x1 + static_cast<int>(std::round(t1 * dx));
+        y2 = y1 + static_cast<int>(std::round(t1 * dy));
+    }
+    if (t0 > 0.0f) {
+        x1 = x1 + static_cast<int>(std::round(t0 * dx));
+        y1 = y1 + static_cast<int>(std::round(t0 * dy));
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+static int l_line(State* L) {
+    int x1 = tointeger(L, 2);
+    int y1 = tointeger(L, 3);
+
+    int x2 = tointeger(L, 4);
+    int y2 = tointeger(L, 5);
+
+    RGBA rgba = get_rgba(L, 6);
+    if (auto canvas = touserdata<LuaCanvas>(L, 1)) {
+        auto& image = canvas->data();
+        ubyte* data = image.getData();
+        uint width = image.getWidth();
+        uint height = image.getHeight();
+        const uint channels = 4;
+
+        if ((x1 < 0 || x1 >= width || x2 < 0 || x2 >= width ||
+            y1 < 0 || y1 >= height || y2 < 0 || y2 >= height) &&
+            !clip_line(x1, y1, x2, y2, width, height)) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        
+        int dx = glm::abs(x2 - x1);
+        int dy = -glm::abs(y2 - y1);
+        int sx = x1 < x2 ? 1 : -1;
+        int sy = y1 < y2 ? 1 : -1;
+        int err = dx + dy;
+    
+        while (true) {
+            size_t pos = (y1 * width + x1) * channels;
+            for (int i = 0; i < channels; i++) {
+                data[pos + i] = rgba.arr[i];
+            }
+            if (x1 == x2 && y1 == y2) break;
+            
+            int e2 = 2 * err;
+            if (e2 >= dy) {
+                err += dy;
+                x1 += sx;
+            }
+            if (e2 <= dx) {
+                err += dx;
+                y1 += sy;
+            }
+        }
+    }
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -88,6 +197,8 @@ static int l_update(State* L) {
 static std::unordered_map<std::string, lua_CFunction> methods {
     {"at", lua::wrap<l_at>},
     {"set", lua::wrap<l_set>},
+    {"clear", lua::wrap<l_clear>},
+    {"line", lua::wrap<l_line>},
     {"update", lua::wrap<l_update>}
 };
 

From e8c6c9a7b3f1799462231bcf4c120f994a7914b6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: MihailRis <mexaruc@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2025 20:31:50 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 3/8] update doc/*/scripting/ui.md

---
 doc/en/scripting/ui.md | 12 +++++++++---
 doc/ru/scripting/ui.md | 12 +++++++++---
 2 files changed, 18 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/doc/en/scripting/ui.md b/doc/en/scripting/ui.md
index 441115c8..debbad4c 100644
--- a/doc/en/scripting/ui.md
+++ b/doc/en/scripting/ui.md
@@ -166,12 +166,18 @@ Properties:
 
 Methods:
 
+Here, *color* can be specified in the following ways:
+- rgba: int
+- r: int, g: int, b: int
+- r: int, g: int, b: int, a: int
+
 | Method                                                   | Description                                             |
 |----------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------|
 | data:at(x: int, y: int)                                  | returns an RGBA pixel at the given coordinates          |
-| data:set(x: int, y: int, rgba: int)                      | updates an RGBA pixel at the given coordinates          |
-| data:set(x: int, y: int, r: int, g: int, b: int)         | updates an RGBA pixel at the given coordinates          |
-| data:set(x: int, y: int, r: int, g: int, b: int, a: int) | updates an RGBA pixel at the given coordinates          |
+| data:set(x: int, y: int, *color*)                        | updates an RGBA pixel at the given coordinates          |
+| data:line(x1: int, y1: int, x2: int, y2: int, *color*)   | draws a line with the specified RGBA color              |
+| data:clear()                                             | clears the canvas                                       |
+| data:clear(*color*)                                      | fills the canvas with the specified RGBA color          |
 | data:update()                                            | applies changes to the canvas and uploads it to the GPU |
 
 
diff --git a/doc/ru/scripting/ui.md b/doc/ru/scripting/ui.md
index cca9790e..3422e972 100644
--- a/doc/ru/scripting/ui.md
+++ b/doc/ru/scripting/ui.md
@@ -167,12 +167,18 @@ document["worlds-panel"]:clear()
 
 Методы:
 
+Здесь *цвет* может быть указан следующими способами:
+- rgba: int
+- r: int, g: int, b: int
+- r: int, g: int, b: int, a: int
+
 | Метод                                                    | Описание                                            |
 |----------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------|
 | data:at(x: int, y: int)                                  | возвращает RGBA пиксель по указанным координатам    |
-| data:set(x: int, y: int, rgba: int)                      | изменяет RGBA пиксель по указанным координатам      |
-| data:set(x: int, y: int, r: int, g: int, b: int)         | изменяет RGBA пиксель по указанным координатам      |
-| data:set(x: int, y: int, r: int, g: int, b: int, a: int) | изменяет RGBA пиксель по указанным координатам      |
+| data:set(x: int, y: int, *цвет*)                         | изменяет RGBA пиксель по указанным координатам      |
+| data:line(x1: int, y1: int, x2: int, y2: int, *цвет*)    | рисует линию с указанным RGBA цветом                |
+| data:clear()                                             | очищает холст                                       |
+| data:clear(*цвет*)                                       | заполняет холст указанным RGBA цветом               |
 | data:update()                                            | применяет изменения и загружает холст в видеопамять |
 
 ## Inventory (inventory)

From 5bbba7f39d1da5a76c4ace96a7102d6f78d9fa8e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: MihailRis <mexaruc@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2025 13:36:43 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 4/8] add ImageData.drawLine

---
 src/graphics/core/ImageData.cpp               |  94 +++++++++++++++
 src/graphics/core/ImageData.hpp               |   7 ++
 .../lua/usertypes/lua_type_canvas.cpp         | 113 ++++--------------
 3 files changed, 121 insertions(+), 93 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/graphics/core/ImageData.cpp b/src/graphics/core/ImageData.cpp
index d6617c57..b5e05d1c 100644
--- a/src/graphics/core/ImageData.cpp
+++ b/src/graphics/core/ImageData.cpp
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include <assert.h>
 #include <stdexcept>
 #include <cstring>
+#include <cmath>
 #include <algorithm>
 
 ImageData::ImageData(ImageFormat format, uint width, uint height) 
@@ -93,6 +94,99 @@ void ImageData::blit(const ImageData* image, int x, int y) {
     throw std::runtime_error("mismatching format");
 }
 
+static bool clip_line(int& x1, int& y1, int& x2, int& y2, int width, int height) {
+    const int left = 0;
+    const int right = width;
+    const int bottom = 0;
+    const int top = height;
+
+    int dx = x2 - x1;
+    int dy = y2 - y1;
+
+    float t0 = 0.0f;
+    float t1 = 1.0f;
+
+    auto clip = [](int p, int q, float& t0, float& t1) {
+        if (p == 0) {
+            return q >= 0;
+        }
+        float t = static_cast<float>(q) / p;
+        if (p < 0) {
+            if (t > t1) return false;
+            if (t > t0) t0 = t;
+        } else {
+            if (t < t0) return false;
+            if (t < t1) t1 = t;
+        }
+        return true;
+    };
+
+    if (!clip(-dx, x1 - left, t0, t1)) return false;
+    if (!clip( dx, right - x1, t0, t1)) return false;
+    if (!clip(-dy, y1 - bottom, t0, t1)) return false;
+    if (!clip( dy, top - y1, t0, t1)) return false;
+
+    if (t1 < 1.0f) {
+        x2 = x1 + static_cast<int>(std::round(t1 * dx));
+        y2 = y1 + static_cast<int>(std::round(t1 * dy));
+    }
+    if (t0 > 0.0f) {
+        x1 = x1 + static_cast<int>(std::round(t0 * dx));
+        y1 = y1 + static_cast<int>(std::round(t0 * dy));
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+template<uint channels>
+static void draw_line(ImageData& image, int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, const glm::ivec4& color) {
+    ubyte* data = image.getData();
+    uint width = image.getWidth();
+    uint height = image.getHeight();
+
+    if ((x1 < 0 || x1 >= width || x2 < 0 || x2 >= width ||
+        y1 < 0 || y1 >= height || y2 < 0 || y2 >= height) &&
+        !clip_line(x1, y1, x2, y2, width, height)) {
+        return;
+    }
+    
+    int dx = std::abs(x2 - x1);
+    int dy = -std::abs(y2 - y1);
+    int sx = x1 < x2 ? 1 : -1;
+    int sy = y1 < y2 ? 1 : -1;
+    int err = dx + dy;
+
+    while (true) {
+        size_t pos = (y1 * width + x1) * channels;
+        for (int i = 0; i < channels; i++) {
+            data[pos + i] = color[i];
+        }
+        if (x1 == x2 && y1 == y2) break;
+        
+        int e2 = 2 * err;
+        if (e2 >= dy) {
+            err += dy;
+            x1 += sx;
+        }
+        if (e2 <= dx) {
+            err += dx;
+            y1 += sy;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void ImageData::drawLine(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, const glm::ivec4& color) {
+    switch (format) {
+        case ImageFormat::rgb888:
+            draw_line<3>(*this, x1, y1, x2, y2, color);
+            break;
+        case ImageFormat::rgba8888:
+            draw_line<4>(*this, x1, y1, x2, y2, color);
+            break;
+        default:
+            break;
+    }
+}
+
 void ImageData::blitRGB_on_RGBA(const ImageData* image, int x, int y) {
     ubyte* source = image->getData();
     uint srcwidth = image->getWidth();
diff --git a/src/graphics/core/ImageData.hpp b/src/graphics/core/ImageData.hpp
index 328ff896..00e59f6a 100644
--- a/src/graphics/core/ImageData.hpp
+++ b/src/graphics/core/ImageData.hpp
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 #include "typedefs.hpp"
 
+#include <glm/vec4.hpp>
 #include <memory>
 
 enum class ImageFormat {
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ public:
     void flipX();
     void flipY();
 
+    void drawLine(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, const glm::ivec4& color);
     void blitRGB_on_RGBA(const ImageData* image, int x, int y);
     void blitMatchingFormat(const ImageData* image, int x, int y);
     void blit(const ImageData* image, int x, int y);
@@ -44,6 +46,11 @@ public:
     uint getHeight() const {
         return height;
     }
+
+    size_t getDataSize() const {
+        size_t channels = 3 + (format == ImageFormat::rgba8888);
+        return width * height * channels;
+    }
 };
 
 std::unique_ptr<ImageData> add_atlas_margins(ImageData* image, int grid_size);
diff --git a/src/logic/scripting/lua/usertypes/lua_type_canvas.cpp b/src/logic/scripting/lua/usertypes/lua_type_canvas.cpp
index ad79f0ca..f3950c23 100644
--- a/src/logic/scripting/lua/usertypes/lua_type_canvas.cpp
+++ b/src/logic/scripting/lua/usertypes/lua_type_canvas.cpp
@@ -80,65 +80,26 @@ static int l_set(State* L) {
 }
 
 static int l_clear(State* L) {
-    RGBA rgba {};
-    if (gettop(L) > 1) {
-        rgba = get_rgba(L, 2);
+    auto canvas = touserdata<LuaCanvas>(L, 1);
+    if (canvas == nullptr) {
+        throw std::runtime_error("used canvas.clear instead of canvas:clear");
     }
-    if (auto canvas = touserdata<LuaCanvas>(L, 1)) {
-        auto& image = canvas->data();
-        ubyte* data = image.getData();
-        size_t pixels = image.getWidth() * image.getHeight();
-        const size_t channels = 4;
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < pixels * channels; i++) {
-            data[i] = rgba.arr[i % channels];
-        }
+    auto& image = canvas->data();
+    ubyte* data = image.getData();
+    RGBA rgba {};
+    if (gettop(L) == 1) {
+        std::fill(data, data + image.getDataSize(), 0);
+        return 0;
+    }
+    rgba = get_rgba(L, 2);
+    size_t pixels = image.getWidth() * image.getHeight();
+    const size_t channels = 4;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < pixels * channels; i++) {
+        data[i] = rgba.arr[i % channels];
     }
     return 0;
 }
 
-bool clip_line(int& x1, int& y1, int& x2, int& y2, int width, int height) {
-    const int left = 0;
-    const int right = width;
-    const int bottom = 0;
-    const int top = height;
-
-    int dx = x2 - x1;
-    int dy = y2 - y1;
-
-    float t0 = 0.0f;
-    float t1 = 1.0f;
-
-    auto clip = [](int p, int q, float& t0, float& t1) {
-        if (p == 0) {
-            return q >= 0;
-        }
-        float t = static_cast<float>(q) / p;
-        if (p < 0) {
-            if (t > t1) return false;
-            if (t > t0) t0 = t;
-        } else {
-            if (t < t0) return false;
-            if (t < t1) t1 = t;
-        }
-        return true;
-    };
-
-    if (!clip(-dx, x1 - left, t0, t1)) return false;
-    if (!clip( dx, right - x1, t0, t1)) return false;
-    if (!clip(-dy, y1 - bottom, t0, t1)) return false;
-    if (!clip( dy, top - y1, t0, t1)) return false;
-
-    if (t1 < 1.0f) {
-        x2 = x1 + static_cast<int>(std::round(t1 * dx));
-        y2 = y1 + static_cast<int>(std::round(t1 * dy));
-    }
-    if (t0 > 0.0f) {
-        x1 = x1 + static_cast<int>(std::round(t0 * dx));
-        y1 = y1 + static_cast<int>(std::round(t0 * dy));
-    }
-    return true;
-}
-
 static int l_line(State* L) {
     int x1 = tointeger(L, 2);
     int y1 = tointeger(L, 3);
@@ -149,40 +110,9 @@ static int l_line(State* L) {
     RGBA rgba = get_rgba(L, 6);
     if (auto canvas = touserdata<LuaCanvas>(L, 1)) {
         auto& image = canvas->data();
-        ubyte* data = image.getData();
-        uint width = image.getWidth();
-        uint height = image.getHeight();
-        const uint channels = 4;
-
-        if ((x1 < 0 || x1 >= width || x2 < 0 || x2 >= width ||
-            y1 < 0 || y1 >= height || y2 < 0 || y2 >= height) &&
-            !clip_line(x1, y1, x2, y2, width, height)) {
-            return 0;
-        }
-        
-        int dx = glm::abs(x2 - x1);
-        int dy = -glm::abs(y2 - y1);
-        int sx = x1 < x2 ? 1 : -1;
-        int sy = y1 < y2 ? 1 : -1;
-        int err = dx + dy;
-    
-        while (true) {
-            size_t pos = (y1 * width + x1) * channels;
-            for (int i = 0; i < channels; i++) {
-                data[pos + i] = rgba.arr[i];
-            }
-            if (x1 == x2 && y1 == y2) break;
-            
-            int e2 = 2 * err;
-            if (e2 >= dy) {
-                err += dy;
-                x1 += sx;
-            }
-            if (e2 <= dx) {
-                err += dx;
-                y1 += sy;
-            }
-        }
+        image.drawLine(
+            x1, y1, x2, y2, glm::ivec4 {rgba.r, rgba.g, rgba.b, rgba.a}
+        );
     }
     return 0;
 }
@@ -197,10 +127,9 @@ static int l_update(State* L) {
 static std::unordered_map<std::string, lua_CFunction> methods {
     {"at", lua::wrap<l_at>},
     {"set", lua::wrap<l_set>},
-    {"clear", lua::wrap<l_clear>},
     {"line", lua::wrap<l_line>},
-    {"update", lua::wrap<l_update>}
-};
+    {"clear", lua::wrap<l_clear>},
+    {"update", lua::wrap<l_update>}};
 
 static int l_meta_index(State* L) {
     auto texture = touserdata<LuaCanvas>(L, 1);
@@ -237,9 +166,7 @@ static int l_meta_newindex(State* L) {
     if (isnumber(L, 2) && isnumber(L, 3)) {
         if (auto pixel = get_at(data, static_cast<uint>(tointeger(L, 2)))) {
             pixel->rgba = static_cast<uint>(tointeger(L, 3));
-            return 1;
         }
-        return 1;
     }
     return 0;
 }

From 2af55a022716d142a0aa4c349bd9d63efc7cd5d8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: MihailRis <mexaruc@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2025 14:02:57 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 5/8] add Canvas constructor & add canvas:blit

---
 src/graphics/core/Atlas.cpp                   |  2 +-
 src/graphics/core/ImageData.cpp               | 32 ++++++------
 src/graphics/core/ImageData.hpp               |  7 +--
 src/logic/scripting/lua/lua_custom_types.hpp  |  6 ++-
 .../lua/usertypes/lua_type_canvas.cpp         | 50 ++++++++++++++++---
 5 files changed, 71 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/graphics/core/Atlas.cpp b/src/graphics/core/Atlas.cpp
index 039db4d2..be205d1e 100644
--- a/src/graphics/core/Atlas.cpp
+++ b/src/graphics/core/Atlas.cpp
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ std::unique_ptr<Atlas> AtlasBuilder::build(uint extrusion, bool prepare, uint ma
         uint y = rect.y;
         uint w = rect.width;
         uint h = rect.height;
-        canvas->blit(entry.image.get(), rect.x, rect.y);
+        canvas->blit(*entry.image, rect.x, rect.y);
         for (uint j = 0; j < extrusion; j++) {
             canvas->extrude(x - j, y - j, w + j*2, h + j*2);
         }
diff --git a/src/graphics/core/ImageData.cpp b/src/graphics/core/ImageData.cpp
index b5e05d1c..a2b1d524 100644
--- a/src/graphics/core/ImageData.cpp
+++ b/src/graphics/core/ImageData.cpp
@@ -81,13 +81,13 @@ void ImageData::flipY() {
     }
 }
 
-void ImageData::blit(const ImageData* image, int x, int y) {
-    if (format == image->format) {
+void ImageData::blit(const ImageData& image, int x, int y) {
+    if (format == image.format) {
         blitMatchingFormat(image, x, y);
         return;
     }
     if (format == ImageFormat::rgba8888 && 
-        image->format == ImageFormat::rgb888) {
+        image.format == ImageFormat::rgb888) {
         blitRGB_on_RGBA(image, x, y);
         return;
     }
@@ -187,10 +187,10 @@ void ImageData::drawLine(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, const glm::ivec4& color
     }
 }
 
-void ImageData::blitRGB_on_RGBA(const ImageData* image, int x, int y) {
-    ubyte* source = image->getData();
-    uint srcwidth = image->getWidth();
-    uint srcheight = image->getHeight();
+void ImageData::blitRGB_on_RGBA(const ImageData& image, int x, int y) {
+    ubyte* source = image.getData();
+    uint srcwidth = image.getWidth();
+    uint srcheight = image.getHeight();
 
     for (uint srcy = std::max(0, -y);
          srcy < std::min(srcheight, height - y);
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ void ImageData::blitRGB_on_RGBA(const ImageData* image, int x, int y) {
     }
 }
 
-void ImageData::blitMatchingFormat(const ImageData* image, int x, int y) {
+void ImageData::blitMatchingFormat(const ImageData& image, int x, int y) {
     uint comps;
     switch (format) {
         case ImageFormat::rgb888: comps = 3; break;
@@ -218,20 +218,24 @@ void ImageData::blitMatchingFormat(const ImageData* image, int x, int y) {
         default:
             throw std::runtime_error("only unsigned byte formats supported");    
     }
-    ubyte* source = image->getData();
-    uint srcwidth = image->getWidth();
-    uint srcheight = image->getHeight();
+    ubyte* source = image.getData();
+
+    const uint width = this->width;
+    const uint height = this->height;
+    const uint src_width = image.getWidth();
+    const uint src_height = image.getHeight();
+    ubyte* data = this->data.get();
 
     for (uint srcy = std::max(0, -y);
-         srcy < std::min(srcheight, height - y);
+         srcy < std::min(src_height, height - y);
          srcy++) {
         for (uint srcx = std::max(0, -x);
-             srcx < std::min(srcwidth, width - x);
+             srcx < std::min(src_width, width - x);
              srcx++) {
             uint dstx = srcx + x;
             uint dsty = srcy + y;
             uint dstidx = (dsty * width + dstx) * comps;
-            uint srcidx = (srcy * srcwidth + srcx) * comps;
+            uint srcidx = (srcy * src_width + srcx) * comps;
             for (uint c = 0; c < comps; c++) {
                 data[dstidx + c] = source[srcidx + c];
             }
diff --git a/src/graphics/core/ImageData.hpp b/src/graphics/core/ImageData.hpp
index 00e59f6a..213a352c 100644
--- a/src/graphics/core/ImageData.hpp
+++ b/src/graphics/core/ImageData.hpp
@@ -15,6 +15,9 @@ class ImageData {
     uint width;
     uint height;
     std::unique_ptr<ubyte[]> data;
+
+    void blitRGB_on_RGBA(const ImageData& image, int x, int y);
+    void blitMatchingFormat(const ImageData& image, int x, int y);
 public:
     ImageData(ImageFormat format, uint width, uint height);
     ImageData(ImageFormat format, uint width, uint height, std::unique_ptr<ubyte[]> data);
@@ -25,9 +28,7 @@ public:
     void flipY();
 
     void drawLine(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, const glm::ivec4& color);
-    void blitRGB_on_RGBA(const ImageData* image, int x, int y);
-    void blitMatchingFormat(const ImageData* image, int x, int y);
-    void blit(const ImageData* image, int x, int y);
+    void blit(const ImageData& image, int x, int y);
     void extrude(int x, int y, int w, int h);
     void fixAlphaColor();
 
diff --git a/src/logic/scripting/lua/lua_custom_types.hpp b/src/logic/scripting/lua/lua_custom_types.hpp
index 145cc4d8..a844b1f1 100644
--- a/src/logic/scripting/lua/lua_custom_types.hpp
+++ b/src/logic/scripting/lua/lua_custom_types.hpp
@@ -114,10 +114,14 @@ namespace lua {
             return *mData;
         }
 
+        [[nodiscard]] bool hasTexture() const {
+            return mTexture != nullptr;
+        }
+
         static int createMetatable(lua::State*);
         inline static std::string TYPENAME = "Canvas";
     private:
-        std::shared_ptr<Texture> mTexture;
+        std::shared_ptr<Texture> mTexture; // nullable
         std::shared_ptr<ImageData> mData;
     };
     static_assert(!std::is_abstract<LuaCanvas>());
diff --git a/src/logic/scripting/lua/usertypes/lua_type_canvas.cpp b/src/logic/scripting/lua/usertypes/lua_type_canvas.cpp
index f3950c23..f041c1ff 100644
--- a/src/logic/scripting/lua/usertypes/lua_type_canvas.cpp
+++ b/src/logic/scripting/lua/usertypes/lua_type_canvas.cpp
@@ -79,12 +79,18 @@ static int l_set(State* L) {
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int l_clear(State* L) {
-    auto canvas = touserdata<LuaCanvas>(L, 1);
-    if (canvas == nullptr) {
-        throw std::runtime_error("used canvas.clear instead of canvas:clear");
+static LuaCanvas& require_canvas(State* L, int idx) {
+    if (const auto canvas = touserdata<LuaCanvas>(L, idx)) {
+        return *canvas;
     }
-    auto& image = canvas->data();
+    throw std::runtime_error(
+        "canvas expected as argument #" + std::to_string(idx)
+    );
+}
+
+static int l_clear(State* L) {
+    auto& canvas = require_canvas(L, 1);
+    auto& image = canvas.data();
     ubyte* data = image.getData();
     RGBA rgba {};
     if (gettop(L) == 1) {
@@ -117,9 +123,20 @@ static int l_line(State* L) {
     return 0;
 }
 
+static int l_blit(State* L) {
+    auto& dst = require_canvas(L, 1);
+    auto& src = require_canvas(L, 2);
+    int dst_x = tointeger(L, 3);
+    int dst_y = tointeger(L, 4);
+    dst.data().blit(src.data(), dst_x, dst_y);
+    return 0;
+}
+
 static int l_update(State* L) {
     if (auto canvas = touserdata<LuaCanvas>(L, 1)) {
-        canvas->texture().reload(canvas->data());
+        if (canvas->hasTexture()) {
+            canvas->texture().reload(canvas->data());
+        }
     }
     return 0;
 }
@@ -128,8 +145,10 @@ static std::unordered_map<std::string, lua_CFunction> methods {
     {"at", lua::wrap<l_at>},
     {"set", lua::wrap<l_set>},
     {"line", lua::wrap<l_line>},
+    {"blit", lua::wrap<l_blit>},
     {"clear", lua::wrap<l_clear>},
-    {"update", lua::wrap<l_update>}};
+    {"update", lua::wrap<l_update>},
+};
 
 static int l_meta_index(State* L) {
     auto texture = touserdata<LuaCanvas>(L, 1);
@@ -171,11 +190,28 @@ static int l_meta_newindex(State* L) {
     return 0;
 }
 
+static int l_meta_meta_call(lua::State* L) {
+    auto size = glm::ivec2(tovec2(L, 2));
+    if (size.x <= 0 || size.y <= 0) {
+        throw std::runtime_error("size must be positive");
+    }
+    return newuserdata<LuaCanvas>(
+        L,
+        nullptr,
+        std::make_shared<ImageData>(ImageFormat::rgba8888, size.x, size.y)
+    );
+}
+
 int LuaCanvas::createMetatable(State* L) {
     createtable(L, 0, 3);
     pushcfunction(L, lua::wrap<l_meta_index>);
     setfield(L, "__index");
     pushcfunction(L, lua::wrap<l_meta_newindex>);
     setfield(L, "__newindex");
+
+    createtable(L, 0, 1);
+    pushcfunction(L, lua::wrap<l_meta_meta_call>);
+    setfield(L, "__call");
+    setmetatable(L);
     return 1;
 }

From 22d49c1c65fca50841e1fd9e4a6df3331199bb17 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: MihailRis <mexaruc@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2025 14:08:44 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 6/8] update doc/*/scripting/ui.md

---
 doc/en/scripting/ui.md | 1 +
 doc/ru/scripting/ui.md | 1 +
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/doc/en/scripting/ui.md b/doc/en/scripting/ui.md
index debbad4c..0df1ed72 100644
--- a/doc/en/scripting/ui.md
+++ b/doc/en/scripting/ui.md
@@ -176,6 +176,7 @@ Here, *color* can be specified in the following ways:
 | data:at(x: int, y: int)                                  | returns an RGBA pixel at the given coordinates          |
 | data:set(x: int, y: int, *color*)                        | updates an RGBA pixel at the given coordinates          |
 | data:line(x1: int, y1: int, x2: int, y2: int, *color*)   | draws a line with the specified RGBA color              |
+| data:blit(src: Canvas, dst_x: int, dst_y: int)           | draws the src canvas at the specified coordinates       |
 | data:clear()                                             | clears the canvas                                       |
 | data:clear(*color*)                                      | fills the canvas with the specified RGBA color          |
 | data:update()                                            | applies changes to the canvas and uploads it to the GPU |
diff --git a/doc/ru/scripting/ui.md b/doc/ru/scripting/ui.md
index 3422e972..f3a3c44f 100644
--- a/doc/ru/scripting/ui.md
+++ b/doc/ru/scripting/ui.md
@@ -177,6 +177,7 @@ document["worlds-panel"]:clear()
 | data:at(x: int, y: int)                                  | возвращает RGBA пиксель по указанным координатам    |
 | data:set(x: int, y: int, *цвет*)                         | изменяет RGBA пиксель по указанным координатам      |
 | data:line(x1: int, y1: int, x2: int, y2: int, *цвет*)    | рисует линию с указанным RGBA цветом                |
+| data:blit(src: Canvas, dst_x: int, dst_y: int)           | рисует src-холст на указанных координатах           |
 | data:clear()                                             | очищает холст                                       |
 | data:clear(*цвет*)                                       | заполняет холст указанным RGBA цветом               |
 | data:update()                                            | применяет изменения и загружает холст в видеопамять |

From 6078a8802e8dd00149865b592e104a31636ca636 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: MihailRis <mexaruc@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2025 14:55:17 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 7/8] add canvas:set_data

---
 doc/en/scripting/ui.md                        |  1 +
 doc/ru/scripting/ui.md                        | 19 +++++++++---------
 src/graphics/ui/elements/Canvas.hpp           |  2 +-
 .../lua/usertypes/lua_type_canvas.cpp         | 20 +++++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 32 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/doc/en/scripting/ui.md b/doc/en/scripting/ui.md
index 0df1ed72..4cac91b7 100644
--- a/doc/en/scripting/ui.md
+++ b/doc/en/scripting/ui.md
@@ -180,6 +180,7 @@ Here, *color* can be specified in the following ways:
 | data:clear()                                             | clears the canvas                                       |
 | data:clear(*color*)                                      | fills the canvas with the specified RGBA color          |
 | data:update()                                            | applies changes to the canvas and uploads it to the GPU |
+| data:set_data(data: table<int>)                          | replaces pixel data (width * height * 4 numbers)        |
 
 
 ## Inventory
diff --git a/doc/ru/scripting/ui.md b/doc/ru/scripting/ui.md
index f3a3c44f..137ff57b 100644
--- a/doc/ru/scripting/ui.md
+++ b/doc/ru/scripting/ui.md
@@ -172,15 +172,16 @@ document["worlds-panel"]:clear()
 - r: int, g: int, b: int
 - r: int, g: int, b: int, a: int
 
-| Метод                                                    | Описание                                            |
-|----------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------|
-| data:at(x: int, y: int)                                  | возвращает RGBA пиксель по указанным координатам    |
-| data:set(x: int, y: int, *цвет*)                         | изменяет RGBA пиксель по указанным координатам      |
-| data:line(x1: int, y1: int, x2: int, y2: int, *цвет*)    | рисует линию с указанным RGBA цветом                |
-| data:blit(src: Canvas, dst_x: int, dst_y: int)           | рисует src-холст на указанных координатах           |
-| data:clear()                                             | очищает холст                                       |
-| data:clear(*цвет*)                                       | заполняет холст указанным RGBA цветом               |
-| data:update()                                            | применяет изменения и загружает холст в видеопамять |
+| Метод                                                    | Описание                                             |
+|----------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------|
+| data:at(x: int, y: int)                                  | возвращает RGBA пиксель по указанным координатам     |
+| data:set(x: int, y: int, *цвет*)                         | изменяет RGBA пиксель по указанным координатам       |
+| data:line(x1: int, y1: int, x2: int, y2: int, *цвет*)    | рисует линию с указанным RGBA цветом                 |
+| data:blit(src: Canvas, dst_x: int, dst_y: int)           | рисует src-холст на указанных координатах            |
+| data:clear()                                             | очищает холст                                        |
+| data:clear(*цвет*)                                       | заполняет холст указанным RGBA цветом                |
+| data:update()                                            | применяет изменения и загружает холст в видеопамять  |
+| data:set_data(data: table<int>)                          | заменяет данные пикселей (ширина * высота * 4 чисел) |
 
 ## Inventory (inventory)
 
diff --git a/src/graphics/ui/elements/Canvas.hpp b/src/graphics/ui/elements/Canvas.hpp
index ae1f02b0..adfb5e2a 100644
--- a/src/graphics/ui/elements/Canvas.hpp
+++ b/src/graphics/ui/elements/Canvas.hpp
@@ -26,4 +26,4 @@ namespace gui {
         std::shared_ptr<::Texture> mTexture;
         std::shared_ptr<ImageData> mData;
     };
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/src/logic/scripting/lua/usertypes/lua_type_canvas.cpp b/src/logic/scripting/lua/usertypes/lua_type_canvas.cpp
index f041c1ff..944f62a2 100644
--- a/src/logic/scripting/lua/usertypes/lua_type_canvas.cpp
+++ b/src/logic/scripting/lua/usertypes/lua_type_canvas.cpp
@@ -132,6 +132,25 @@ static int l_blit(State* L) {
     return 0;
 }
 
+static int l_set_data(State* L) {
+    auto& canvas = require_canvas(L, 1);
+    auto& image = canvas.data();
+    auto data = image.getData();
+    int len = objlen(L, 2);
+    if (len < image.getDataSize()) {
+        throw std::runtime_error(
+            "data size mismatch expected " +
+            std::to_string(image.getDataSize()) + ", got " + std::to_string(len)
+        );
+    }
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+        rawgeti(L, i + 1, 2);
+        data[i] = tointeger(L, -1);
+        pop(L);
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
 static int l_update(State* L) {
     if (auto canvas = touserdata<LuaCanvas>(L, 1)) {
         if (canvas->hasTexture()) {
@@ -148,6 +167,7 @@ static std::unordered_map<std::string, lua_CFunction> methods {
     {"blit", lua::wrap<l_blit>},
     {"clear", lua::wrap<l_clear>},
     {"update", lua::wrap<l_update>},
+    {"set_data", lua::wrap<l_set_data>},
 };
 
 static int l_meta_index(State* L) {

From e48216da4016532b096794548f49ab97ef337a99 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: MihailRis <mexaruc@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2025 17:33:56 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 8/8] experimental optimize canvas:set_data using ffi

---
 res/scripts/stdmin.lua                        | 28 +++++++++++++++++++
 src/logic/scripting/lua/lua_engine.cpp        | 19 +++++++------
 src/logic/scripting/lua/lua_util.cpp          |  8 ++++--
 src/logic/scripting/lua/lua_wrapper.hpp       |  6 +++-
 .../lua/usertypes/lua_type_canvas.cpp         | 11 +++++++-
 src/logic/scripting/scripting.cpp             |  2 +-
 6 files changed, 61 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/res/scripts/stdmin.lua b/res/scripts/stdmin.lua
index ce592277..e2e4d3c7 100644
--- a/res/scripts/stdmin.lua
+++ b/res/scripts/stdmin.lua
@@ -1,3 +1,31 @@
+local _ffi = ffi
+ffi = nil
+
+-- Lua has no parallelizm, also _set_data does not call any lua functions so
+-- may be reused one global ffi buffer per lua_State
+local canvas_ffi_buffer
+local canvas_ffi_buffer_size = 0
+
+function __vc_Canvas_set_data(self, data)
+    if type(data) == "cdata" then
+        self:_set_data(tostring(_ffi.cast("uintptr_t", data)))
+    end
+    local width = self.width
+    local height = self.height
+
+    local size = width * height * 4
+    if size > canvas_ffi_buffer_size then
+        canvas_ffi_buffer = _ffi.new(
+            string.format("unsigned char[%s]", size)
+        )
+        canvas_ffi_buffer_size = size
+    end
+    for i=0, size - 1 do
+        canvas_ffi_buffer[i] = data[i + 1]
+    end
+    self:_set_data(tostring(_ffi.cast("uintptr_t", canvas_ffi_buffer)))
+end
+
 -- Check if given table is an array
 function is_array(x)
     if #x > 0 then
diff --git a/src/logic/scripting/lua/lua_engine.cpp b/src/logic/scripting/lua/lua_engine.cpp
index 251f789b..09c0f424 100644
--- a/src/logic/scripting/lua/lua_engine.cpp
+++ b/src/logic/scripting/lua/lua_engine.cpp
@@ -88,14 +88,17 @@ static void create_libs(State* L, StateType stateType) {
 
 void lua::init_state(State* L, StateType stateType) {
     // Allowed standard libraries
-    pop(L, luaopen_base(L));
-    pop(L, luaopen_math(L));
-    pop(L, luaopen_string(L));
-    pop(L, luaopen_table(L));
-    pop(L, luaopen_debug(L));
-    pop(L, luaopen_jit(L));
-    pop(L, luaopen_bit(L));
-    pop(L, luaopen_os(L));
+    luaL_openlibs(L);
+
+    if (getglobal(L, "require")) {
+        pushstring(L, "ffi");
+        if (call_nothrow(L, 1, 1)) {
+            setglobal(L, "ffi");
+        }
+    }
+    pushnil(L);
+    setglobal(L, "io");
+
     const char* removed_os[] {
         "execute", "exit", "remove", "rename", "setlocale", "tmpname", nullptr};
     remove_lib_funcs(L, "os", removed_os);
diff --git a/src/logic/scripting/lua/lua_util.cpp b/src/logic/scripting/lua/lua_util.cpp
index d740165b..8cd77fb1 100644
--- a/src/logic/scripting/lua/lua_util.cpp
+++ b/src/logic/scripting/lua/lua_util.cpp
@@ -163,20 +163,23 @@ int lua::call(State* L, int argc, int nresults) {
     int handler_pos = gettop(L) - argc;
     pushcfunction(L, l_error_handler);
     insert(L, handler_pos);
+    int top = gettop(L);
     if (lua_pcall(L, argc, nresults, handler_pos)) {
         std::string log = tostring(L, -1);
         pop(L);
         remove(L, handler_pos);
         throw luaerror(log);
     }
+    int added = gettop(L) - (top - argc - 1);
     remove(L, handler_pos);
-    return nresults == -1 ? 1 : nresults;
+    return added;
 }
 
 int lua::call_nothrow(State* L, int argc, int nresults) {
     int handler_pos = gettop(L) - argc;
     pushcfunction(L, l_error_handler);
     insert(L, handler_pos);
+    int top = gettop(L);
     if (lua_pcall(L, argc, -1, handler_pos)) {
         auto errorstr = tostring(L, -1);
         if (errorstr) {
@@ -188,8 +191,9 @@ int lua::call_nothrow(State* L, int argc, int nresults) {
         remove(L, handler_pos);
         return 0;
     }
+    int added = gettop(L) - (top - argc - 1);
     remove(L, handler_pos);
-    return 1;
+    return added;
 }
 
 void lua::dump_stack(State* L) {
diff --git a/src/logic/scripting/lua/lua_wrapper.hpp b/src/logic/scripting/lua/lua_wrapper.hpp
index 417314cd..f82f5bd4 100644
--- a/src/logic/scripting/lua/lua_wrapper.hpp
+++ b/src/logic/scripting/lua/lua_wrapper.hpp
@@ -25,7 +25,8 @@ namespace lua {
         if (n < 0) {
             abort();
         }
-        if (lua_gettop(L) < n) {
+        int top = lua_gettop(L);
+        if (top < n) {
             abort();
         }
 #endif
@@ -63,6 +64,9 @@ namespace lua {
     inline void rawseti(lua::State* L, int n, int idx = -2) {
         lua_rawseti(L, idx, n);
     }
+    inline void rawset(lua::State* L, int idx = -3) {
+        lua_rawset(L, idx);
+    }
 
     inline int createtable(lua::State* L, int narr, int nrec) {
         lua_createtable(L, narr, nrec);
diff --git a/src/logic/scripting/lua/usertypes/lua_type_canvas.cpp b/src/logic/scripting/lua/usertypes/lua_type_canvas.cpp
index 944f62a2..a4292f56 100644
--- a/src/logic/scripting/lua/usertypes/lua_type_canvas.cpp
+++ b/src/logic/scripting/lua/usertypes/lua_type_canvas.cpp
@@ -136,6 +136,12 @@ static int l_set_data(State* L) {
     auto& canvas = require_canvas(L, 1);
     auto& image = canvas.data();
     auto data = image.getData();
+
+    if (lua::isstring(L, 2)) {
+        auto ptr = reinterpret_cast<ubyte*>(std::stoull(lua::tostring(L, 2)));
+        std::memcpy(data, ptr, image.getDataSize());
+        return 0;
+    }
     int len = objlen(L, 2);
     if (len < image.getDataSize()) {
         throw std::runtime_error(
@@ -167,7 +173,7 @@ static std::unordered_map<std::string, lua_CFunction> methods {
     {"blit", lua::wrap<l_blit>},
     {"clear", lua::wrap<l_clear>},
     {"update", lua::wrap<l_update>},
-    {"set_data", lua::wrap<l_set_data>},
+    {"_set_data", lua::wrap<l_set_data>},
 };
 
 static int l_meta_index(State* L) {
@@ -189,6 +195,9 @@ static int l_meta_index(State* L) {
         if (!strcmp(name, "height")) {
             return pushinteger(L, data.getHeight());
         }
+        if (!strcmp(name, "set_data")) {
+            return getglobal(L, "__vc_Canvas_set_data");
+        }
         if (auto func = methods.find(tostring(L, 2)); func != methods.end()) {
             return pushcfunction(L, func->second);
         }
diff --git a/src/logic/scripting/scripting.cpp b/src/logic/scripting/scripting.cpp
index 92ed66a2..66606776 100644
--- a/src/logic/scripting/scripting.cpp
+++ b/src/logic/scripting/scripting.cpp
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ std::unique_ptr<Process> scripting::start_coroutine(
         lua::loadbuffer(L, 0, source, script.name());
         if (lua::call(L, 1)) {
             int id = lua::tointeger(L, -1);
-            lua::pop(L, 2);
+            lua::pop(L, 1);
             return std::make_unique<LuaCoroutine>(L, id);
         }
         lua::pop(L);